Which joint type is responsible for allowing flexion and extension of the elbow?

The hinge joint is specifically designed to allow movements such as flexion and extension, which is characteristic of the elbow joint. This type of joint operates similarly to the way a door opens and closes, enabling motion in one plane. In the case of the elbow, flexion occurs when the angle between the forearm and the upper arm decreases, while extension happens as that angle increases back to a straight position.

In contrast, other joint types do not primarily support this kind of movement. Ball and socket joints, for instance, allow for a wider range of motion including rotation, while pivotal joints enable rotational movement around a central axis. Gliding joints mainly facilitate sliding movements between flat articulating surfaces. Therefore, the unique structure of the hinge joint makes it perfectly suited for the flexion and extension movements of the elbow.