Which muscle group assists with breathing by elevating the rib cage?

The intercostals are the muscle group that plays a crucial role in breathing by elevating the rib cage. These muscles are located between the ribs and consist of two main layers: the external intercostals, which assist with inhalation by lifting the ribs upward and outward, and the internal intercostals, which are primarily involved in forced exhalation. When the external intercostals contract, they increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, leading to a decrease in pressure that allows air to flow into the lungs. This action is essential for normal respiratory mechanics and efficient gas exchange.

In contrast, the abdominals primarily assist with forced exhalation and maintain abdominal pressure, while the hamstrings and quadriceps are muscle groups associated with lower body movement and do not contribute to the mechanics of breathing. Understanding the specific roles of these muscle groups in respiration is important for recognizing how Pilates and other movement practices can enhance respiratory function and overall body awareness.